要正确阅读这个故事,第一样我们需理解的,是旧约时代人们的地理观。古人看“世界”,不像我们今日看地球是圆的,而是相信“地平说”(the flat earth theory)。对旧约时代的人而言,大地是个大圆盘,中心地段就是古人所熟知的“世界”,即今日近东之地。地极尽头就顶天立地的山脉,这些被叫作“宇宙山”(cosmic mountains)的山脉根立阴间最深处、峰顶高天穹苍,地极以外就是“宇宙海”(cosmic sea/ocean)。亚拉腊山脉对当时的他们来说属于宇宙山,也就是诸天的支撑,若然洪水真的把宇宙山都淹没了,对古人来说也就是真正“天掉下来”的意思,这似乎超越了作者当时身处的世界观所能想像。第二,创世纪第八章所记的“亚拉腊山”原文是众数,非单数也,所以经文并没有指方舟停了在一个特定的山峰之上。这一点从英文译本其实已能看出来,如NASB译本就写 “the ark rested upon the mountains of Ararat” ,mountains是众数。第三,希伯来文中的“山”其实可以指山峰、山脉、山上或山边(注 1);所以,经文其实也可译作“方舟停在亚拉腊山脉之中”或“方舟停在亚拉腊群山之脚”,意思其实也不离大水将方舟冲到极远之地。
当我们能对释经学有进一步的掌握,就能避过一些相对较不合理的经文理解,从而更加接近作者原来想表达的讯息。又或者某些机构/团体不用在未有确切证据之下,就向公众筹募大钱上山找未必存在于该处的方舟。最起码,其实大家要明白,洪水是否淹没了整个世界,还是夸张的文学手法去形容大水之威力无穷?方舟最后停了在山顶,还是泊了在山脚?上述不同的诠释理解,对该故事的主旨如罪罚、拯救、立约等根本没有影响。若然对“字面释经”有过份不必要的执着,反而会遇上一大堆考古上、科学上的困局。当然,以上都只不过是“借题发挥”来分享一下我对释经学的少许心得,毕竟画作或其他艺术作品都常有象征性的明现方式,我们诠释画作也不需一定只看“表面意思”,正如艺术品览传统上也有分“形式主义”(formalism)和“脉络主义”(contextualism)两大派系。迟下等我有空,也想将去年某聚会中分享过的 “The Dimensions of Whisky Appreciation” 写成长文,当中会包括我一些较详细的、较理论性的一些想法。
最后当然要分享下这瓶Glen Garioch的品酒笔记:
[2nd Anniversary Bottle for the Cross Whisky Bar, [spooned] Blended Malt (aka. Undisclosed Glen Garioch), 1993-2018 24yo, Sherry Butt #3, 54.3%]
N: Consistent with the high strength, strong ethanol presents. After breathing for minutes, there comes rum raisins, sugared plum, black currants, tiny hint of earthy wet-wood, and a slight touch of Highland-style peat! Over time, more and more creamy note developed. With water – the Wood note turned less earthy and into something a bit “chalky”! Also, some minty and peppery notes detected, and some pear liquor too.
P: The palate is huge for this one, oak led but you can still sense the fruity sweetness. Bitter-orange, hint of burnt wood, “mineral soil”, and slightly peppery too. With water – less bitter, more orangey, but seems disturbed the structure a bit and making the dram less complex as an unfortunate result (OK, this suggestion might be contrary to what I advocate usually, but if you’re really used to high strength, try not to add water into this one).
F: Medium length, mineralic bitterness hangs around, and still a bit of chalk, it gets drier and drier towards the end. And the gentle woodiness slowly fades away. If the fruitiness is a little more sustainable in this one, this could easily be a go-to-dram when pairing with most Chinese cuisines.